Learning more about diamonds

The diamond is a native mineral and also a gemstone. From a chemical point of view, the diamont is one of the forms of existence of the pure carbon, the other forms being the amorphous carbon (graphite) and the fullerenes. The diamond crystallizes in the cubic system and is able to reach a maximum hardness of 10 on the Mohs scale. The hardness usually depends on the purity of the crystal. If you want to get a deeper insight about the diamonds, you can easily take a look on Whiteflash store.

The brilliant is a particular diamond that is characterized by two parts: the upper side, called the crown that has 32 sides, and the bottom side, called the cylinder head, with 24 facets. The glow of the diamonds is given by the decomposition of the light rays which pass through its faces and refract three times. In the case of the briliants, the reflection of solar radiation is total and that fact gives them a metallic sheen.

Furthermore, some brilliants show a 72-cut facets and are able to reflect the rays in eight points, which increase their glitter.

However, not all diamonds turn into brilliants. Some of them can not be cut accordingly because they are either too small or imperfect.

In addition to the brilliant form, the diamonds can be polished and cut in many other different forms such as:

Round brilliant
Emerald
Baguette
Marquise
Oval
Straight trilliant or right triangle
Curved trilliant or curved triangle
Heart
Radiant
Cushion
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Princess (square)

The mass of the diamond is expressed in carats and one carat corresponds to 0.200 grams.
Besides the cubic form, some diamond crystals feature a hexagonal structure because they are formed in unfavorable environments. The extreme hardness of the diamonds is attributed to the symmetric stable relationship between the carbon atoms. The diamonds burn in a pure oxygen environment at a temperature of 720 ° C and in air at 800 ° C to form carbon dioxide. The diamond is soluble in some metals such as iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium, titanium, platinum, palladium and other alike metals. The neutron irradiation is known to increase their hardness properties.

Diamonds are formed at depths of 150 km where temperatures get as high as 1200-1400 ° C.
Micro-diamonds arise from large meteorites that fall on Earth (e.g. Barringer Crater) where favorable conditions lead to diamond formation through high pressures and temperatures and the presence of carbon dioxide. The age of the diamonds is very different, some being 3 billion-year-old, and others being ‘just’ a few hundred million year old.

About 250 tons of ore need to be filtered in order to attain an one carat diamond crystal.
The cutting procedure determines how the diamonds shine. The cut is the only human-made contribution that transforms a rough, unpolished gemstone into a faceted diamond. After thousands of experiments that took place across the years, -using exact mathematical formulas-, the diamond can finally be converted into a sparkling stone that reflects and refracts light very precisely.

It was discovered by hearts and arrows cut the best compromise which gives diamonds a special glow. Facet cutting is a process by which some of the light falling on the flat surface of a highly polished facet, is reflected as of a mirror, highlighting the brilliance of the stone. Another part of the light that enters the diamond is refracted and reflected by the inner facets which create the so-called “fires” of the stone.

The most known cutting modes of the diamond are:
ideal
optimum
good
standard
average