Nelson Mandela dead. Father of the South African nation died at 95
Nelson Mandela has died according to an announced made Thursday evening by the South African President Jacob Zuma. Mandela, the first black president of South Africa and a hero of the anti-apartheid fight, was 95-year-old. (Remembering South Africa’s symbol! scroll down for video archive)
South African symbol Nelson Mandela died on Thursday. Here, Mandela and Bill Clinton in 1993 (Wikimedia CC0)
Since September 1, Nelson Mandela had been cared for at home by a team of 22 doctors, after being hospitalized for almost three months due to a lung infection.
The pulmonary problems of the Nobel Peace laureate were probably linked to a tuberculosis contracted while in detention on the island-prison “Robben Island”, where he spent 18 of the 27 years of incarceration.
Biography
Nelson Mandela was born on July 18, 1918. A speaker of the Xhosa language and pulling out of the royal family of the tribe Thembu, Mandela attended the University of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand, where he studied law.
Living in Johannesburg, he was involved in anti-colonial politics, becoming a member of the African National Congress and one of the founders of the African National Congress Youth League, the young organization of the party.
1948 marked the arrival of the National Party, which began implementation of apartheid . Mandela has gained notoriety in 1952 in the so-called Defiance Campaign against Unjust Laws, a peaceful initiative of civil disobedience. In 1953, Nelson Mandela became the head of the party organization in the Transvaal region, supervising the Congress of the People conference in 1955 when a coalition of ANC-led parties opposed to apartheid formed.
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Working as a lawyer, Mandela was arrested several times for inciting to riot. Along with the leadership of the party, he was tried for treason between 1956 and 1961 but was not convicted.
Although initially a supporter of the peaceful opposition, Mandela revised later his position becoming co-founder of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the military faction of the African National Congress, which was responsible for a number of bomb attacks against the government. Arrested in 1962, he was sentenced to life in prison on June 12, 1964 and released 27 years later on 11 February 1990, following an international lobby campaign for his cause.
Subsequently he became president of the African National Congress (ANC) and published his autobiography. He led negotiations with President FW de Klerk to abolish apartheid and organize free multi-racial elections in 1994, which he won becoming the first black president in South Africa.
Despite being a controversial figure during his entire life, – with right wing critics denouncing him as a terrorist and a communist sympathizer -, Mandela received over 250 international awards for its position regarding colonialism and discrimination.
Among them: the Nobel Peace Prize, the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Order of Lenin. Mandela received the Nobel Prize in 1993 together with the previous president of the country, Frederik Willem de Klerk.
Video: Nelson Mandela died at 95 (Mandela speech during prison release)
Video: Nelson Mandela addresses nation after elected President